Persimmon in the Second Year: Managing Summer Pruning to Build a Productive and Balanced Tree
During the first year, no structural interventions were carried out. Only light wind protection pruning was performed, along with the removal of lateral shoots along the trunk up to a height of 45–50 cm. This strategy allowed the development of a strong and efficient root system, which is essential for supporting subsequent vegetative stages.
In winter, heading cuts were performed on the main branches at 7–10 cm. The response was immediate: from a limited number of initial branches, there was a strong emission of new shoots, resulting in a dense and vigorous canopy.
At this stage, late-summer management, particularly toward the end of August, becomes crucial. Allowing all vegetation to remain would lead to fruit production concentrated at the tips, causing structural imbalance and increasing the risk of breakage. Flower buds would tend to form predominantly at the apical portions, while the basal sections would be dominated by vegetative buds, producing fruiting structures (mixed shoots and short fruiting twigs) with limited longevity.
To prevent this imbalance, summer pruning is carried out by opening the center of the tree and heading back excess shoots, following the “18–22” module approach. The objective is to improve light penetration and evenly distribute vigor, thereby promoting the formation of fruiting structures in the lower part of the canopy.
Field experience has also shown that, compared to the classical recommendations of the Mataix System, which suggest maintaining only four leaders, it is possible to retain 7–8 well-distributed, upright primary branches arranged in a radial pattern. This adjustment allows the model to be adapted to the specific conditions of the orchard.
Summer management is conducted with caution. Only light interventions are performed within the canopy to facilitate the penetration of light and plant protection products (by late July), while more intensive pruning is postponed until late summer (August–September) to avoid undesirable regrowth.
In the following cycle, a clear differentiation process begins: at the base, in correspondence with summer cuts, flower buds develop, forming the first productive tier. In the upper part, vegetative growth continues, contributing to the formation of the second tier. Repeating this scheme over several years results in a well-balanced and productive tree.
The same principle also applies to columnar systems: while the tree architecture may differ, the agronomic logic remains unchanged, based on vigor control, optimal light distribution, and the structured development of the canopy.
Editorial Note:
Original content by Agronomist Vito Vitelli, developed and optimized with the support of artificial intelligence tools for educational, informational, and technical dissemination purposes.
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