Recovering Old Traditional Olive Groves with the Zaragoza System: from “Soft” Pruning to “Strong” Reconstruction
In the olive-growing area of Grisì, in the province of Palermo, Agronomist Dr. Vito Vitelli is overseeing the recovery of old traditional olive groves planted with historic spacings of 7x7 and 10x10 meters. These trees were established many years ago according to cultivation criteria that are now outdated, and today they are characterized by excessive woody structure, vegetation displaced toward the upper canopy, severe internal shading, and significant issues related to wood decay.
In these contexts, the Zaragoza system is initially applied
in its “Soft” version, meaning a physiological renewal pruning aimed at
restoring light penetration, internal vegetation, and productive balance
without causing excessive stress to the tree. Through return cuts and targeted
thinning, the objective is to gradually rebuild a canopy that is brighter, more
compact, and more efficient from a photosynthetic perspective.
The goal is not simply to reduce the height of the tree,
but to bring productive vegetation back inside the canopy and reduce the apical
dominance that over the years has shifted production upward and, above all,
outward.
There are, however, far more compromised situations where
the soft system is no longer sufficient. This is the case with some trees
observed in Grisì, severely affected by wood decay and structural
deterioration. Under these conditions, the Zaragoza system is applied in its
“Strong” version, representing a true reconstruction pruning.
An angled cut of approximately 45° is made on the trunk at
around 110 cm in height, completely removing the exhausted or compromised
portions of the canopy. In this way, the tree is stimulated to restart through
the development of new, young vegetation that is physiologically more balanced.
Particularly important is the cavity-cleaning process “Slupatura”. Using manual or mechanical tools, decayed wood is removed until
healthy, living tissue is reached. This operation helps slow the spread of
wood-decay fungi, improve internal wood aeration, and limit the structural
decline of the tree.
International scientific literature confirms that in old
olive groves, wood-decay fungi belonging to genera such as Fomes sp. and
Phellinus sp. represent one of the main causes of loss of vitality and
productivity. Studies conducted in Italy, Spain, and Greece demonstrate that
intensive reform pruning, combined with proper regrowth management, can enable
the functional recovery even of trees that appear severely compromised.
After the cavity-cleaning process, the cleaned surfaces are
generally protected with copper-based healing pastes in order to reduce the
risk of new fungal infections.
The physiological principle of the Zaragoza system always
remains the same: to restore the tree’s ability to produce young,
well-illuminated, and balanced vegetation, gradually building a more modern,
sustainable, and productive olive-growing system over time.
Editorial Note:
Original content by
Agronomist Dr. Vito Vitelli, developed and optimized with the support of
artificial intelligence tools for educational, informational, and technical
dissemination purposes.
Educational
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