Recovering Old Traditional Olive Groves with the Zaragoza System: from “Soft” Pruning to “Strong” Reconstruction

In the olive-growing area of Grisì, in the province of Palermo, Agronomist Dr. Vito Vitelli is overseeing the recovery of old traditional olive groves planted with historic spacings of 7x7 and 10x10 meters. These trees were established many years ago according to cultivation criteria that are now outdated, and today they are characterized by excessive woody structure, vegetation displaced toward the upper canopy, severe internal shading, and significant issues related to wood decay.

In these contexts, the Zaragoza system is initially applied in its “Soft” version, meaning a physiological renewal pruning aimed at restoring light penetration, internal vegetation, and productive balance without causing excessive stress to the tree. Through return cuts and targeted thinning, the objective is to gradually rebuild a canopy that is brighter, more compact, and more efficient from a photosynthetic perspective.

The goal is not simply to reduce the height of the tree, but to bring productive vegetation back inside the canopy and reduce the apical dominance that over the years has shifted production upward and, above all, outward.

There are, however, far more compromised situations where the soft system is no longer sufficient. This is the case with some trees observed in Grisì, severely affected by wood decay and structural deterioration. Under these conditions, the Zaragoza system is applied in its “Strong” version, representing a true reconstruction pruning.

An angled cut of approximately 45° is made on the trunk at around 110 cm in height, completely removing the exhausted or compromised portions of the canopy. In this way, the tree is stimulated to restart through the development of new, young vegetation that is physiologically more balanced.

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Particularly important is the cavity-cleaning process “Slupatura”. Using manual or mechanical tools, decayed wood is removed until healthy, living tissue is reached. This operation helps slow the spread of wood-decay fungi, improve internal wood aeration, and limit the structural decline of the tree.

International scientific literature confirms that in old olive groves, wood-decay fungi belonging to genera such as Fomes sp. and Phellinus sp. represent one of the main causes of loss of vitality and productivity. Studies conducted in Italy, Spain, and Greece demonstrate that intensive reform pruning, combined with proper regrowth management, can enable the functional recovery even of trees that appear severely compromised.

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After the cavity-cleaning process, the cleaned surfaces are generally protected with copper-based healing pastes in order to reduce the risk of new fungal infections.

The physiological principle of the Zaragoza system always remains the same: to restore the tree’s ability to produce young, well-illuminated, and balanced vegetation, gradually building a more modern, sustainable, and productive olive-growing system over time.

Editorial Note:
Original content by Agronomist Dr. Vito Vitelli, developed and optimized with the support of artificial intelligence tools for educational, informational, and technical dissemination purposes.

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